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UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BULLETIN 

Vol. XVIII, No. 10 General Series No. 131 

Published Monthly by the Regents of the University oi Colorado. 
Entered at the Post Office, Boulder, Colorado, as second-class mail matter. 



THE UNIVERSITY OF 




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BOULDER. COLORADO, OCTOBER. 1916 



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THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO IN WAR TIME 



Professor Thomas M. Marshall, of the History Department, Has Contributed This Survey of the 

University Activities in War Time 



Soon after the United States entered 
the war the universities and colleges 
throughout the country were confronted 
by a grave situation. Large numbers of 
students enlisted, many members of the 
faculties engaged in various branches of 
war service, and many of the institutions 
which depend largely upon tuition found 
their incomes depleted. The part which 
universities were to play in the great 
drama was not foreseen and a perplexing 
condition existed in the domain of higher 
education. Some institutions even con- 
templated closing for the period of the 
war, but saner views soon prevailed and 
it ibecame evident to college presidents, 
regents, and faculties that the univers- 
ities could be made powerful agencies to 
assist the government of the United 
States. This assistance could" be rendered 
by aiding at the council board, by helping 
the public to obtairi a more intelligent 
idea of the European situation and of the 
reasons for the entry of the United States 
into the war, and in many other ways. 

The University of Colorado faced the 
situation without flinching. It experi- 
enced no hysteria and none of the state 
verging upon panic which was noticeable 
in some institutions. Its one desire was 
to be of service. It was realized that 
economies must be practiced, and that its 
energies must be bent to the great pur- 
pose of winning the war. In a few months 
over eight hundred stars were on its serv- 
ice flag; students had enlisted and won 
commissions before they became subject 
to the draft; and many of the men who 
had given the University its high place 
In the' educational world had gone into 
the service. 

It is said on good authority that the 



University of Colorado has given to the 
war tasks of the nation a larger propor- 
tion of its faculty than any other institu- 
tion in the country.* It is impossible in 
this brief bulletin to give a complete list 
of the faculty members who are in serv- 
ice; the following statement, however, 
will illustrate the varied fields to which 
they have been called: President Living- 
ston Farrand is head of the American Com- 
mission for the Prevention of Tuberculosis 
in France; Dean Milo S. Ketchum of the 
College of Engineering is in charge of the 
construction of a vast explosives plant at 
Nitro, West Virginia; Professor Oliver C. 
Lester of the Physics Department and 
Dean John D. Fleming of the Law School 
are inspecting courses in Students Army 
Training Corps institutions; Professor 
James N. Ashmore, Director of Physical 
Training, is directing sports in an army 
camp; Professor Max M. Ellis of the Bi- 
ology Department is in the Sanitary Corps 
of the army; Mr. Arthur E. Oilman of 
the Extension Division is in army Y, M. 
C. A. work; Professor Arnold J. Lien of 
the Political Science Department is in 
Red Cross work in France; Professor 
Lawrence W. Cole is captain assigned to 
the medical division for mental tests in 
the army; Professor C. Henry Smith, the 
University Librarian, built the army li- 
brary at Camp Cody; Dean Homer C. 
Washburn, Professor F. G. Folsom, and 
Professor I. C. Crawford are majors in the 
army. Under the direction of Dean Charles 
N. Meader Base Hospital 2 9 was organized 
and to it the University contributed twelve 
faculty members as well as a number of 

*Se6 Robert Lincoln Kelly's article in 
Scribner'a Magazine, January, 1918. 



students; this unit is now i active duty 
over-seas. When the war started there 
were two hundred and twenty-two in- 
structors on the faculty; of these, seven- 
ty-four have been called into service. 

Those who remained have served no 
less than those who have gone. In the 
Red 'Cross, the Y. M. C. A., the Patriotic 
League, Liberty Loan and War Savings 
Stamp drives, in hospital service, and in 
the many other activities made necessary 
by the war, faculty and students have 
given of their time and money without 
stint.* 

In sipite of the drain upon the student 
body and faculty the University did not 
suffer a great depletion in numbers. At 
the end of the first year of the participa- 
tion of the United States in the war the 
total enrollment was 1,259 as compared 
with 1,4 05 of the previous year. To stop 
the gaps made by the inroads of war ef- 
forts were made to bring new men into 
the faculty, thirty-two instructors having 
been added since the war began. A few 
courses were necessarily dropped, but the 
already over^burdened faculty took stock 
oif its reserve strength and assumed the 
work of those who had gone, so that the 
efficiency of the University was not ma- 
terially impaired. 

THE R. O. T. C. 

It isoon became evident that higher ed- 
ucational institutions could be a vast re- 
cruiting iground for officers and technical 
experts for the rapidly growing army of 
the United States. The first step in utiliz- 
ing this body of officers' material was the 
establishment of the Reserve Officers' 
Training Corps, familiarly known as the 
R. O. T. C. By an act of Congress of 
June 3, 1916, provision was made for the 
organization of the corps and the estab- 

*'For other activities of faculty members 
during the academic year 1917 - 1918, 
reference may be made to the article on 
"The University of Colorado and the War" 
In The Colorado Alumnus, April, 1918, 
and to the University of Colorado Bulletin 
of the Patriotic League. Neither of these, 
however, is complete. 



lishment of units in institutions which 
were found to be adequately equipped. 
The University of Colorado applied for the 
establishment of a unit, and after the in- 
stitution had been duly inspected by the 
War Department, its request was granted. 

Over four hundred vaen were soon en- 
rolled in the R. O. T. C. and Captain (now 
Major) James A. Merritt, U. S. A., retired, 
was placed in command. Six companies 
were eventually organized. Government 
uniforms were issued and the unit was 
supplied with riflles, one-half of the cost 
of the latter being met by John A. Mc- 
Kenna, a public-spirited citizen of Boulder. 
Of the R. O. T. C. over a hundred cadets 
have already received commissions. In 
addition to their military training, the 
members of the R. 0. T. C. received regu- 
lar academic instruction, each student 
carrying a full course in his chosen field. 
Some additional courses were needed to 
meet the requirements of the War Depart- 
ment. Accordingly courses were offered 
in aeroplane construction and operation, 
automobile construction and operation, 
wireless telegraphy and telegraphy oper- 
ating, military mapping and sketching, 
military explosives, military hygiene and 
sanitation, camp sanitation, mental tests 
for war service, and conversational French 
and German. 

Special courses bearing upon the war 
and open to all students were given on 
international law and govermental ideals 
of states at war, the European origin of 
the war, and on the United States and 
the war. Professor James F. Willard is 
offering a course on Colorado in the War 
in which material on the war activities of 
Colorado people is being collected with a 
view to future publication. This work is 
now backed by the State Council of De- 
fense and is meeting with the hearty co- 
operation of the counties. 

TRAINING SOLDIERS IN VOCATIONAL 
SUBTECTS. 

As the new national army was organ- 
ized the War Department found that it 
was short of well-trained mechanics, con- 
crete workers, telegraph operators, ai^cj 



signal service men. Once more the Uni- 
versities were able to come to the assist- 
ance of the government. On April 2 5, 
1918, the University of Colorado entered 
into a contract with the War Department 
to instruct National Army Training De- 
tachments of two hundred and fifty men 
each in vocational subjects. The first 
contingent, composed of men from Utah, 
arrived on May 15. Sixty of these men 
were assigned as auto mechanics and driv- 
ers, sixty for radio, sixty 'for telegraphy, 
fifty for concrete work, and twenty for 
general mechanics. They were housed 
and messed in the armory and were given 
instruction in the engineering buildings. 



and fifty from our own state arrived on 
July 15 and remained for eight weeks. 
They were an unusually fine body of 
men and under the same offi'cers they 
reached a degree oif efficiency far above 
the average usually attained in a period 
of eight weeks training. The instruction 
given to the Colorado contingent was the 
same as that for the Utah unit with the 
exception that a course of lectures on the 
causes of the war was introduced at the 
suggestion of the War Department Com- 
mittee on Education and Special Training. 
When the men finished their period of 
training, fifteen were sent to Officers' 
Training Camps, five to the Signal Of- 




STATE ARMORY — USED AS S. A. T. C. BARRACKS. 



The able Commanding Officer, Captain 
Burr A. Beard, and his efficient staff 
soon brought the contingent to a high 
standard. When the Utah detachment 
finished its training, twelve men were 
sent at once to Officers' Training Camps. 
Most of the others were sent to Camp 
Dodge and eighty percent were soon made 
non-commissioned officers and sent over- 
seas. Already several of them have made 
the supreme sacrifice for their country. 
A number of the Utah contingent were re- 
tained at the University to assist in in- 
structing and training the next unit. 

A second contingent of two hundred 



ficers' School at Yale, and others were 
distributed among various schools for 
training as experts. As liefore, several 
were held at the University as instructors 
and officers. The third contingent ar- 
rived on Septemiber 15 and was composed 
of men from Montana. These were dis- 
charged from service on December 10. 

On September 2 the University entered 
into a third contract with the War De- 
partment. This agreement provided that 
between November 15, 1918. and June 15, 
1919, the University should train approx- 
imately nine hundred men in vocational 
subjects in detachments of three hundred 





"^^■'^ 




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HOUSES USED AS HOSPITALS AND BARRACKS. 

7 



each, but the sudden ending of the war 
caused the War Deipartment to cancel the 
contract. 

THE SUMIVIER SCHOOL 

In spite of the war the University Sum- 
mer School was carried on under the able 
direction of Professor Milo G. Derham. 
Six hundred and seventy-two students 
were in attendance. In addition to a full 
curriculum several courses and forty-three 
public lectures which had direct bearing 
upon the war were offered. 

THE S. A. T. C. 

The demand of the army for officers 
and technical experts became more and 
more insistent during the spring and 
summer of 1918. To meet this demand 
the War Department determined to use 
the institutions of higher education to the 
fullest extent possible and organized the 
Students Army Training Corps. As soon 
as the plan was worked out, the State 
University was asked to assume the re- 
sponsibility of enlisting the interest and 
co-operation of the other institutions of 
the State and of carrying on a campaign of 
information among the people of Colorado. 

The corps was divided into two sections, 
the collegiate and vocational, the latter 
composed of the above-mentioned National 
Army Training Detachments.* The col- 
legiate section was open to registrants 
who were members of some author- 
ized college, university, or professional 
school. Registrants who were graduates 
of standard four year secondary schools, 
or who had equivalent educational qual- 
ifications, or who in the judgment of the 
University authorities would be able to 
do college work, were also admitted to 
the collegiate section. 

Students of the University joined the 

*The section dealing with the S. A. T. 
C. is taken almost in its entirety from the 
government descriptive circular, "The Stu- 
dents Army Training Corps", corrected to 
October 14, 1918. The language of the 
circular is frequently used without quota, 
tion marks. 



S. A. T. C. by induction into the service. 
They then became members of the army 
with the status of privates, receiving pay 
and subsistence; they were subject to 
military orders and lived in barracks un- 
der military discipline. These men, like 
soldiers in the general army, were In 
service for the period of the existing 
emergency, and it remained with the 
President of the United States to declare 
when that emergency was over. A recent 
order from the War Department informed 
the University authorities that demobili- 
zation of the S. A. T. C. was to begin on 
December 1, and be completed by Decem- 
ber 21. 

A naval detachment was also maintain- 
ed at the University. These men wore 
naval uniforms, and paid their own ex- 
penses from an allowance made to them 
by the Navy Department. They attended 
drill and exercises of the S. A. T. C. and 
pursued a course prescribed by the Navy 
Department. They were also demobilized 
under the War Department order. 

UNIVERSITY REORGANIZATION. 

The introduction of the S. A. T. C. pre- 
sented a distinct and difficult problem. 
The University was already under con- 
tract to train several hundred men in 
vocational subjects. It faced the proba- 
bility of receiving seven or eight hundred 
men in the collegiate S. A. T. C. who 
were to be given military training and 
such educational courses as the War De- 
partment Committee on Education and 
Special Training considered necessary, and 
it was to house, feed, and provide hospital 
service for this body of men. But it 
must be remembered that this was not 
to be the only work of the University. 
It was to remain primarily an educational 
institution which would not only train 
members of the S. A. T. C, but continue 
to carry on the manifold activities of a 
University. Hundreds of women were to 
be given the same opportunities as before: 
teachers were to be trained; men who 
were not in the S .A. T. C. were to be 
cared for; valuable research work and 
the graduate school were not to b« a- 



bandoned; in short it was as i&r as poss- 
ible to be what it had been with the added 
burden of educating a thousand men for 
the army. 

To meet the new situation the time 
was all too short. The date of opening 
was placed at October 1, to ^allow the 
students to work in the fields, factories, 
and mines as long as possible before re- 
turning to college. In less than a month 
many new courses had to be organized 
and a program prepared, in addition to 
providing housing for the S. A. T. C. men. 
The plan for the S, A. T. C. necessitated 
the abandonment of the semester system 
and the adoption of the four quarter plan. 
A reorganization of the curricula was 
also necessary to meet the new conditions. 

In the College of Liberal Arts it seemed 



Training asked that every member of the 
Students Army Training Corps be given 
a course in the causes of the war. Ac- 
cordingly the History Department arrang- 
ed a course of thirty lectures on the 
historical, social, and economic back- 
ground of the Great War. 

The courses in the Engineering School 
underwent a more profound change than 
those of any other college. This was due 
to the fact that 'practically all of the 
students in this college were members of 
the S. A. T. C. Out of a total of over 
six hundred men in the collegiate sec- 
tion of that organization, four hundred 
and sixty elected engineering. Among 
these was a naval unit of seventy-seven 
men who were sent to the University for 
training as engineers in the navy. In 




NEW ENGINEERrNG LABORATORY. 



best to make provision for practically two 
colleges, one for the young women and 
for the men who were not in the S. 
A. T. C, the other for the S. A. T. C. 
A few courses were available for both 
classes of students, especially those in 
French, algebra, trigonometry, and comp- 
osition. New courses in military hygiene 
and sanitation, military geography and 
topography, meteorology, and hallistics 
were organized. The War Department 
Committee on iEducation and Special 



addition to this the task of training the 
vocational section also fell upon this 
college. To meet the situation several 
additional instructors were employed and 
all the engineering courses were speeded 
up so that the students could get the 
essentials of engineering in two years In- 
stead of four. Special arrangements are 
being made for engineering students who 
had already completed two or three years 
of work in the University, A war aims 
course was arranged for the college 




S. A. T. C. AUTO MECHANICS AT WORK. 



in conjunction with courses in English. 
Just before the war the University, 
which Is inadequately housed, was making 
extensive plans for a large building pro- 
gram. This was temporarily put aside 
because of the increasing cost of materials 
and because of the feeling that every 
possible economy should be practiced. 
Bu't the influx of engineering students 
which began to show itself last spring 
made it evident that the present plant 



would not suffice. Consequently the Re- 
gents determined to build another engi- 
neering laboratory. It has been under 
construction since June. The new building 
is located just west of the engineering 
shops and is the same general type of 
structure, the dimensions being 135 by 
160 feet. It will cost approximately 
$9 0,00 0. A temporary building to house 
automobiles has also been erected. 

The School of Law was hit harder by 




TRAINING SOLDIERS IN THE SHOPS. 

10 



the war than any other college. Most of 
the older students enlisted and few of the 
S. A. T. C. men elected law. Junior 
and Senior classes were combined and one 
of the professors was allowed temporarily 
to devote his time to work in the College 
of LJberal Arts. Courses in military law 
were given to seventy-five members of the 
S. A. T. C. The departure of Dean Flem- 
ing to inspect law courses in S. A. T. C. 
institutions leaves but two professors in 
the Law School to carry on the work. 

In the Medical School measures were 
taken to make possible the completion oif 
the work in a shorter [period than in 
normal times. The last two years were 
placed on the continuous session basis last 
June, so that the class which would nor- 
mally have graduated next June will fin- 
ish in February, and the class which nor- 
mally would have graduated in June, 
1920, will graduate in September, 1919. 
With the beginning of the present aca- 
demic year all classes are placed on the 
same basis. The main emphasis of course 
continues to be laid on a well-rounded 
medical education, but certain special 
courses are given which have a distinct 
military character. Thus, there is a 
special course in military hygiene and a 
special course in military surgery. Other 
regular courses in medicine and surgery 
have been modified to a slight extent to 
take account of diseases especially inci- 
dent to war work, as for example shell 
shock and trench fever. 

To meet the great demand for 
nurses a special twelve weeks course in 
nurses training was given in connection 
with the Nurses' Training School, begin- 
ning July 1 and ending September 21, 
the course being patterned after that 
given at Vassar College. This course will 
soon be offered again. To make it possible 
to train a larger number of nurses, the 
University has erected a nurses' home 
which cost approximately $6,000 'and 
will give accommodation for twenty ad- 
ditional nurses. 

The work of the Graduate School is 
continuing, although with a falling off in 
attendance, the registration in 1917-1918 



being seventy-two as compared with 
ninety-six in 1915-1916. Owing to the 
disturbed conditions caused by the epi- 
demic, to the fact that registration in the 
Graduate School is always late, and to 
the fact that many of the younger instruc- 
tors in the University who usually take 
graduate work are in war service, it is 
impossible to state at present the number 
in the school for the current year. How- 
ever, the indications are promising and 
the University is prepared to carry on the 
advanced work as in previous years. 

The University Extension Division found 
its activities somewhat curtailed by the 
fact that some of its work was taken over 
by state or national agencies, especially 
its Americanization program. For several 
years the Bureau of Vocational Instruc- 
tion of the Extension Division has been 
conducting classes in the coal camps, 
smelters, packing houses, sugar beet fac- 
tories, and similar plants. Two years ago 
this bureau undertook the teaching of 
English and elementary branches to for- 
eigners. When the Department of the 
Interior and the National Council of De- 
fense last spring took up this work as a 
national emergency measure, calling uipon 
State Councils of Defense to push it vigor- 
ously through state Americanization com- 
mittees, the Governor of Colorado a-p- 
pointed the Acting President of the Uni- 
versity to head the Americanization Com- 
mittee of the Colorado State Council of 
Defense and asked the University to lend 
to this committee such machine: y for 
Americanization as lit had worked out. 
The Regents of the University are at 
present contributing the full time of two 
members of the Faculty and the partial 
time of two other members to American- 
ization work in Colorado. 

The Bureau of Yocational Instruction 
of the Extension Division is now giving 
special attention to instruction in engin- 
eering mathematics, automobile operation, 
and various other courses which will as- 
sist in fitting men for war service. A 
bureau of the Extension Division is giving 
work which will fit students to take civil 
service examinations. Courses are also 



11 



being given in war alms, educational re- 
construction, and in tlie reorganization of 
business. Child welfare institutes are be- 
ing held and a representative is main- 
tained on the Western Slope who is con- 
ducting classes in hygiene and health, in 
patriotism, and in various other subjects. 
When demobilization began the regis- 
tration in the University was as follows: 
Medicine 71, Law 12, Liberal Arts 701, 
Engineering 460, Pharmacy 21, Training 
School for Nurses 3 5, Vocational Section 
of the S. A. T. C. 300; a total registration 
of 1600. This does not include the regis- 
tration in the graduate school, nor stu- 
dents in extension classes. At present it is 
impossible to estimate the falling off in 
attendance caused by demobilization, but 
It is probable that the majority of the 
men will remain in college. 

DAILY LIFE IN THE STUDENTS ARJVfY 
TRAINING CORPS. 

The War Department regulations con- 
cerning S. A. T. C. units provided that 
the University should house and feed the 
men, and provide adequate hospital facil- 
ities. The University is not equipped with 
dormitories and in the emergency strenu- 
ous measures were necessary. The fra- 
ternities showed a fine spirit of co-opera- 
tion and gladly leased their houses to the 
University. Several large houses near the 
campus were also secured. These did not 
give sufficient room, nor were they prop- 
erly arranged for messing such a large 
number of men. The armory was already 
occupied by the vocational section of the 
S. A. T. C. It was therefore necessary to 
build large dining halls where all of the 
collegiate S. A. T. C. could mess, and 
barracks which would accommodate three 
hundred men. Under the supervision of 
Professor Whitney C. Huntington these 
buildings were erected according to de- 
signs of the War Department. The bar- 
racks contain 16,800 square feet of floor 
space and cost approximately $22,000. A 
separate mess hall with a capacity for 
three hundred and eighty men was erected 
at a cost of $6,000. 

The daily life of the men followed War 



Department regulations. The program 
was as follows: Reveille 6:00, mess 6:20, 
drill 7:30 to 9:30, classes 9:30 to 12:00, 
mess 12:00 to 1:30, classes 1:30 to 4:30, 
athletics and exercise 4:30 to 5:30, re- 
treat and mess 6:00, freedom 6:30 to 
7:30, supervised study 7:30 to 9:30, taps 
10:00. At least forty-two hours of study 
and class work per week were required. 

The military supervision was under of- 
ficers assigned to the University by the 
War Department, the staff being made up 
of a major, three captains, thirteen second 
lieutenants, a chief master-at-arms, a 
doctor, and a dentist. Eleven companies 
were organized. The men were furnished 
army clothing, including overcoats and 
and sweaters, and with blankets. They 
w^ere armed with modified Enfield and 
Russian rifles. 

The organization of the S. A .T. C. 
brought about a complete change in col- 
lege athletics. The plan followed was not 
to ibuild up championship teams, but to 
see that every man was made physically 
fit. An athletic coach was engaged, his 
business being to organize sports in 
which all the men could participate. The 
chief interest was in inter-company con- 
tests rather than in inter-collegiate rival- 
ries. In addition to games and drill, the 
men were given calisthenics, this branch 
being under the direction of the company 
commanders. 

The feeding of the men was carefully 
supervised, great attention being given to 
the quality and quantity of the food. The 
following menu taken at random from a 
pile of daily menus will give an adequate 
idea of the army mess: 

Menu for Thursday, October 31, 1918. 
Breakfast — Oatmeal and milk, grapes, 
fried bacon and fried apples, fried po- 
tatoes, coffee, bread, and 'butter. 
Lunch — Stewed beef with vegetables, 
mashed potatoes, succotash, parsnips, 
stewed peaches, coffee, and bread. 
Dinner — ^Soup, roast beef with brown 
gravy, steamed potatoes, spaghetti Cre- 
ole, celery sa,lad, stewed cranberries, 
coffee, and bread. 

The War Department was fully con- 
vinced that a singing army is more potent 



12 









HOUSES USED AS BARRACKS, 
13 




INTERIOR OF AR 

than a silent one and adopted means to 
organize group singing in the Students 
Army Training Corps. The organization 
of singing in the University was assigned 
to Chaplain Roy W. Hamilton, who ap- 
pointed song leaders in each company. The 
joyous singing of the soldiers was a pleas- 
ure to the men and to all those connected 
with them. 

The University took pains to see that 
a healthy social and religious atmosphere 
was maintained. The Army Y. M. C. A. 
proved to he an efficacious factor. The 
Colorado Union generously placed its 



MY Y. M. C. A. 

building and equipment at the service of 
the "Y". A canteen was opened and men 
were allowed to deposit money for safe 
keeping with the secretary. Religious 
services were held at which clergymen of 
various denominations officiated. The 
present Secretary is Dr. Donald McFayden 
of the History Department. He is assisted 
by the Reverend R. P. Taylor, an old foot- 
ball star, who acts as physical director. 
By the work of the Y. M. C. A. and of the 
Reverend Roy W. Hamilton, Chaplain of 
the Corps, a high moral tone was pre- 
served among the men. 




S. A. T. C. BARRACKS— INTERIOR. 
14 




ONE OF THE NEW BARRACKS. 



Under the direction of the Y. W. C. A. 
a Hostess House was maintained where 
the men in training could meet their 
friends and relatives. Much was done 
to add to the enjoyment of the soldiers 
by social gatherings and musical en- 
tertainments. During the epidemic the 
Hostess, Miss Maud E. Craig, did a great 
deal to add to the comfort of the sick. 
When the Woman's Building had to be 
given over the President's home on the 
campus was made the social center for the 
S. A. T. C. 



The spirit of the S. A .T. C. was re- 
markable. In spite of the epidemic and 
(he interruption of the college work, these 
young soldiers refused to be depressed. 
When the Fourth Liberty Loan Drive was 
in progress the men responded very gen- 
erously, the average subscription being 
$tiO per man, which is said to be the best 
showing made by any army unit in the 
country. 

THE EPIDEMIC. 

The epidemic of Spanish influenza was 
brought to the University by the Montana 




INTERIOR VIEW OF BARRACKS. 

15 



LIBRARY OP CONOKti>i. 



020 914 356 2 




S. A. T. C. TENTS PITCHED NEAR HOSPITAL. 



contingent. When they arrived on Sep- 
tember 19 two or three of these men were 
suffering with the disease. It was not 
recognized as Spanish influenza until the 
21st, at which time a fraternity house 
was taken over as a hospital. The num- 
ber of iiedical men on duty at the Uni- 
versity being inadequate to combat the 
epidfciiiic. civilian doctors and nurses were 
employed. The rapid spread of the disease 
soon made it necessary to bring in medical 
officers and nurses from Fort Leaven- 
worth and Fort Logan. The epidemic as a 
whole presented one striking peculiarity. 
It burst forth with great violence at the 
beginning, ran a rapid course, and sub- 
sided as rapidb' as it commenced. Out of 



several hundred cases nineteen deaths oc- 
curred. It is the judgment of Major Ben- 
nett, the chief of the medical staff, that 
the most important measure adopted in 
the handling of the epidemic fwasi the 
dispersion of the men so that more air 
space could be allotted to each man. Many 
were housed in tents and others were 
taken from their barracks and given quar_ 
ters in buildings on the campus. Th'^ 
University is now practically free from the 
disease and resumed work on November 
11 as directed by the Secretary of the 
Stale Board of Health. The health situa- 
tion is now excellent, and there is no 
sign of a recurrence of the epidemic. 




INTERIOR OF ARMY TENT. 
16 



